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Budgets can be complex documents. Many people feel intimidated by budget work, assuming that it requires very technical skills. But budget work can be straightforward. Using basic arithmetic, civil society can use budget information to talk in...

The declaration of assets and liabilities represents a growing trend in the avoidance and resolution of conflict of interest and has become a part of an integrated strategy to control corruption. This article reviews practices in Ghana, Tanzania and...

Teacher absenteeism affects the quality of education by reducing instructional time. Moreover, as teachers represent the single largest item in the education budget of all countries, their absence from the classroom represents a direct loss of...

One popular story told (and taught) is how corruption was slashed in Uganda simply by publicly disclosing the amount of monthly grants to schools by informing the public of how much money was supposed to go where, the government was less able to...

The 2006 Global corruption report focuses on corruption and health. It includes expert reports on: the risks of corruption in different health care systems; the scale of the problem: from high-level corruption in Costa Rica to counterfeit medicines...

What are the most effective ways to increase primary school enrolment and student learning? This paper argues that innovations in governance of social services may yield the highest return since social service delivery in developing countries is...

Public expenditure tracking surveys (PETS) allow policy makers to diagnose how incentives and accountability systems are working in practice and how they can be improved. Among the results provided by PETS are estimates of leakage, data on the...