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Cross-lingual tests are assessment instruments created in one language and adapted for use with another language group. Practitioners and researchers use cross-lingual tests for various descriptive, analytical and selection purposes both in...

Corruption was symptomatic of business and government interactions in Russia and other countries of the former Soviet Union before and during the economic transition of the 1990s. Corruption is difficult to quantify, but the perception of corruption...

Recent surveys suggest that leakage of funds from ministries of education to schools represent more than 80 per cent of the total sums allocated for non salary expenditures in some countries; bribes and payoffs in teacher recruitment and promotion...

Corruption in education seriously undermines political, economic and social development and has a devastating effect on the lives of students and parents. This booklet documents studies carried out by Transparency International chapters in Argentina...

This book comprises two studies on successful experiences in improving transparency and accountability in the use of educational resources. The first part is on the Report Card Survey implemented in Bangladesh, which used participatory diagnosis to...

This paper investigates the correlates of student performance in mathematics and dictation tests among schoolchildren in Indonesia. This is the first such study to use a new nationally representative sample of Indonesian primary-school students. Our...