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The underground or 'black economy' has been a source for considerable concern to Indian public policy analysts since the mid-1960s. In this article, authors argue that the black economy played a critical role in the softening of the government budget...

This volume describes the results of a Regional Conference of Transparency International representatives, held in Bratislava, in April 1999. It is structured into three main parts. Firstly, the Declaration for Municipal Reform, set by the...

This book is in the spirit of continuous inquiry and feedback in framing development thinking. It is addressed to policymakers, practitioners, and others in developing as well as industrial countries. It reaffirms the crucial contribution of market...

This article examines some factors that may determine the different outcomes of decentralization and, in particular, factors that are important when reforms manage to improve democratic and governance performance in spite of a hostile or harsh...

This DFID policy paper investigates the causes and effects of corruption on the development process and proposes a holistic global strategy for combating corruption involving action in a number of area. These include: supporting poorer states...

This resource guide is a joint effort of USAID's Office of Democracy and Governance (DG) and Office of Education, responding to the need to promote greater policy and program linkages between the Agency's democracy and governance and education sector...

NGOs, development organizations, and governments alike now universally refer to corruption - no longer a taboo subject - as a developmental problem. As the awareness-raising phase of the 1990s subsides, the focus is shifting to implementation of...

As the harmful effects of corruption on economic development, political stability and social welfare today are apparent throughout the world, combating corruption enjoys high priority among governments and societies throughout the Asia-Pacific region...

25% of teachers were absent from school, and only about half were teaching, during unannounced visits to a nationally representative sample of government primary schools in India. Absence rates varied from 15% in Maharashtra to 42% in Jharkhand, with...

Recent surveys suggest that leakage of funds from ministries of education to schools represent more than 80 per cent of the total sums allocated for non salary expenditures in some countries; bribes and payoffs in teacher recruitment and promotion...