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The phenomenon of extra tuition is witnessed in many countries and some educationalists have described it as a parallel education system. However, the incidence and impact of extra tuition have often not been studied systematically, especially in...

This toolkit follows the transfer of public funds from central to local governments until they reach users such as schools and clinics. It explains how a public expenditure tracking system operates and how it can benefit marginalized groups. With...

The declaration of assets and liabilities represents a growing trend in the avoidance and resolution of conflict of interest and has become a part of an integrated strategy to control corruption. This article reviews practices in Ghana, Tanzania and...

This article reviews aspects of the literature on Anti-Corruption Agencies or Commissions (ACC) and sets the context for its empirical research into five African countries, i.e. Ghana, Malawi, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia. It argues that...

In order to improve governance and reduce corruption in public service delivery (like ghost workers for example...), micro-level data is required to understand the incentives and behaviour of public officials, service providers and clients in order...