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For poor people at village level, petty corruption involving a payment of as little as $10 for a free medical service can have devastating effects on their lives. What makes the situation even worse is that most of the people who are faced with...

The paper promotes an anti-corruption strategy that rests on economic development, democratic reform, strong civil society and the presence of rule of law. Based on these principles, the authors recommend concrete measures to be implemented at the...

The Stability Pact Anti-Corruption Initiative (SPAI), adopted in Sarajevo in February 2000, was born out of the conviction that corruption is a serious threat to the development and stability of South-eastern European countries. This publication...

Corruption ranks, together with effective democratic representation, as the most important problem facing local governments. The challenge facing local governments is to develop innovative ways of building effective, accountable, and transparent...

Not so long ago, bribing public officials in foreign countries to obtain business deals was, if not an acceptable, at least a tolerated business practice in many OECD countries. In the new millenium, the OECD and associated governments, which account...

This report puts into motion a chain of events that fundamentally reformed the way the Bank thinks about, and acts against, corruption. In its first part, it thus details the progress that the Bank has made building each of the four pillars of its...

Corruption is seen as counter-productive to the needed economic and political reforms, accountability, transparency and good governance. This paper aims at classifying the various forms of corruption in order to operationalise the concept for...

This document provides an overview of UNDP's action in the area of anti-corruption, whose main goal is to facilitate civil society and the private sector involvement in policy development and in public sector management so as to improve transparency...

In the late 1980s and early 1990s, some 25 countries began their dramatic transformation into market-based economies by liberalizing prices, dismantling the remaining instruments of Soviet-type central planning, and starting fundamental structural...

This paper outlines the basis and set of tool required to advance anti-corruption reform. Economic and social progress, the rule of law under good governance, democratic values, and strong civil society are discussed as some of the basic...