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In Europe and Central Asia, the radical shift in economic and political systems that occurred in most countries after 1900 made existing forms of corruption more visible and opened opportunities for new forms of corrupt practices. Fostering...

The theme of the 2002 CGI mid-year review was "progress on reducing poverty". The agenda was an array of issues that require attention in order to reduce poverty substantially in Indonesia. At the CGI November 2001, a summary document recorded an...

This article examines some factors that may determine the different outcomes of decentralization and, in particular, factors that are important when reforms manage to improve democratic and governance performance in spite of a hostile or harsh...

The relationship between decentralization of government activities and the extent of rent extraction by private parties is an important element in the recent debate on institutional design. The theoretical literature makes ambiguous predictions about...

The movement toward decentralization is gathering momentum. In this context, the important costs of corruption are being explicitly recognised, as is the urgent need to prevent corruption, raise city revenues, improve service delivery, stimulate...

This volume describes the results of a Regional Conference of Transparency International representatives, held in Bratislava, in April 1999. It is structured into three main parts. Firstly, the Declaration for Municipal Reform, set by the...