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This report puts into motion a chain of events that fundamentally reformed the way the Bank thinks about, and acts against, corruption. In its first part, it thus details the progress that the Bank has made building each of the four pillars of its...

Why is corruption - defined here as the misuse of public office for private gain - perceived to be more widespread in some countries than others? Different theories associate cross-national variation in the extent of corruption with particular...

Government intervention to correct market failures is often accompanied by government failures and corruption. This is no more evident than in social sectors that are characterised by significant market failures and government intervention. However...

Across 69 countries, higher tax rates are associated with less unofficial activity as a percentage of GDP, but corruption is associated with more unofficial activity. Entrepreneurs go underground, not to avoid official taxes but to reduce the burden...

At the request of the Royal Government of Cambodia, The World Bank supervised diagnostic surveys of public officials, citizens and enterprises in Cambodia in November and December 1999. The study shows that citizens, enterprises and households are...

The key to reduced poverty is an integrated approach to development, addressing quality growth, environment, education, health and governance. This paper argues that government, as the key determinant of a county's domestic and international...

The 1999 Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey (BEEPS) assesses in detail the various dimensions of governance from the perspective of about 3000 firms in 20 countries. After introducing the survey framework and measurement approach...

Corruption is seen as counter-productive to the needed economic and political reforms, accountability, transparency and good governance. This paper aims at classifying the various forms of corruption in order to operationalise the concept for...

Integrity has become the fundamental condition for governments to provide a trustworthy and effective framework for the economic and social life of their citizens. The institutions and mechanisms for promoting integrity are more and more considered...

The relationship between decentralization of government activities and the extent of rent extraction by private parties is an important element in the recent debate on institutional design. The theoretical literature makes ambiguous predictions about...