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Corruption is problematic when policies encourage it and institutional controls are weak. Diagnosing corruption, and understanding its causes and consequences, allows countries to overcome their policy and institutional weaknesses and implement...

In 1995/96, 47.5 percent of the population of Bangladesh were still living below the poverty line. This paper argues that the persistence of poverty in Bangladesh originates less in the lack of resources than in the failures of governance. These...

This report centers on a multi-disciplinary World Bank mission to Ethiopia in 1997, at the request of the Government of Ethiopia, to examine ways to support the Government's program to improve economic governance and to combat corruption. The mission...

This report presents the main findings of Latvia's diagnostic corruption surveys. As this report is based on survey evidence, it focuses primarily on lower level of corruption in the public sector. The survey evidence suggests that corruption in...

This volume describes the results of a Regional Conference of Transparency International representatives, held in Bratislava, in April 1999. It is structured into three main parts. Firstly, the Declaration for Municipal Reform, set by the...

In this article, the author surveys the World Bank's efforts in combating the myth surrounding corruption, as well as the Bank's work in creating diagnostic tools, disseminating survey results, and implementing effective anti-corruption strategies...

Many developing countries, and indeed a significant number of developed countries, need a practical strategy to launch future education and prevention programmes against corruption and economic crime. This article offers constructive advice on how to...

This article deals with the low profile issue of educational fraud. The author defines educational fraud in terms of a range of illegitimate practices in which students engage in order to inflate their recorded levels of academic performance. Four...

A successful anti-corruption strategy must have a free press to voice public opinion and report cases of corruption, an effective and politically neutral mechanism to investigate and prosecute corruption, and a reliable judicial process to punish...