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For poor people at village level, petty corruption involving a payment of as little as $10 for a free medical service can have devastating effects on their lives. What makes the situation even worse is that most of the people who are faced with...

Serbia is witnessing a deep crisis of the legitimacy of the system and its institutions. Corruption tends to infiltrate economic life, governments, political systems and institutional structures in these systems. The results of a recent CPA survey...

This article examines some factors that may determine the different outcomes of decentralization and, in particular, factors that are important when reforms manage to improve democratic and governance performance in spite of a hostile or harsh...

This paper summarizes the expanding literature on corruption in the health and education sectors. It begins with a discussion of the nature of corruption in health and education and presents a typology of different kinds of corruption in the provider...

This book is in the spirit of continuous inquiry and feedback in framing development thinking. It is addressed to policymakers, practitioners, and others in developing as well as industrial countries. It reaffirms the crucial contribution of market...

Government intervention to correct market failures is often accompanied by government failures and corruption. This is no more evident than in social sectors that are characterised by significant market failures and government intervention. However...

The key to reduced poverty is an integrated approach to development, addressing quality growth, environment, education, health and governance. This paper argues that government, as the key determinant of a county's domestic and international...

This report was prepared by the World Bank (Warsaw Office) in response to a request from the Government of Poland to help identify the areas in which the most serious corruption problems are found and those in which measures to reduce corruption are...

Studies of the consequences of corruption have mainly focused on economic efficiency. This paper illustrates that corruption can also have distributional consequences. Corruption increases income inequality and poverty through lower economic growth...

It is widely accepted that one of the most critical elements of a country's anti-corruption programe is the involvement of civil society but there is less agreement on how such involvement can be encouraged. Social marketing can make an important...