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the past thirty years have seen a rapid expansion of testing, exposing students worldwide to tests that are now, more than ever, standardized and linked to high-stakes outcomes. The use of testing as a policy tool has been legitimized within...

This literature review was carried out under an EdData II task order that funds measurement and research support to USAID's Education Strategy Goal 1, 100 million children reading by 2015. It summarizes evidence on incentive and accountability...

The Global Corruption Barometer 2013 draws on a survey of more than 114,000 respondents in 107 countries. It addresses people's direct experiences with bribery and details their views on corruption in the main institutions in their countries. It also...

The main purpose of the Guidance Note is to provide a basic description of the existing trends, challenges and opportunities in AILs, as well as highlight areas of program/policy opportunities and recommend feasible policy approaches. Rather than...

The debate around the precise nature of the relationship between decentralization in education and corruption helps us understand why and under what circumstances decentralization may help limit corruption. A key principle for developing an effective...

How to hold autonomous schools and school governing boards accountable for their decisions and performance has become a particularly pressing question for central governments in many OECD countries. Increasing complexity in education systems has led...

This study provides a literature review on school funding formulas across OECD countries. It looks at three salient questions from a comparative perspective: i) What kind of school formula funding schemes exist and how are they used, particularly for...