Double- and joint-degree programs: double benefits or double counting?

The so called –double, multiple, tri-national, joint, integrated, collaborative, combined current, consecutive, overlapping, conjoint, parallel, simultaneous programs have an important role in the institutions' internationalization strategy. These degrees can be understood as a natural extension of mobility and exchange, but also can be perceive as a troublesome development leading to a double counting of academic work and the thin edge of academic fraud.