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Small bribe (also called a ‘facilitating’, ‘speed’ or ‘grease’ payment) made to secure or expedite the performance of a routine or necessary action to which the payer has legal or other entitlements. Payments made to obtain a copy of one’s diploma.

Based on core values and norms, a set of standards for conduct in government, companies and society that guide decisions, choices and actions. There is a relationship between ethics in education and ethical education: in order to create a favourable environment for the teaching of ethics and values, it is critical to ensure integrity and limit unethical behaviour within the educational sector.

Inclination to prefer acquaintances, friends and family over strangers. When public officials demonstrate favouritism to unfairly distribute positions and resources, they are guilty of cronyism or nepotism, depending on their relationship with the person who benefits. Recruitment of administrators based on their membership of a political party.

Offence of intentionally deceiving someone in order to gain an unfair or illegal advantage (financial, political or otherwise). Countries consider such offences to be criminal or a violation of civil law. Ghost teachers, diploma mills and accreditation mills.

Draws salary but does not work. Ghost teachers.

High level or "grand" corruption takes place at the policy formulation end of politics. It refers not so much to the amount of money involved as to the level at which it occurs – where policies and rules may be unjustly influenced. The kinds of transactions that attract grand corruption are usually large in scale – and therefore involve more money than "petty" corruption. Grand corruption is sometimes used synonymously with political corruption, referring to the corruption involved in financing political parties and political campaigns. Fraud in public tendering for school construction or textbook production.

Recurrent payments collected from parents by school principals or teachers for examination, sports, school development, boarding, etc., once or more per academic year. They can be illegal when clearly proscribed by law. Forced payments for uniforms, exercise books or other items from the school or the Parent Teacher Association’s shop.

Payments collected from parents by school principals or teachers whenever official permission, assistance, or other documentation is required. Payments for admission to schools, access to examinations, or promotion to higher classes.

Adherence to a set of moral or ethical principles. An integrity system is a political and administrative arrangement that encourages integrity. A country's National Integrity System (NIS) comprises the ensemble of government and non-governmental institutions, laws and practices that can, if functioning properly, minimize levels of corruption and mismanagement. An integrity pact established for textbooks, to improve transparency and accountability all along the publication chain.

Dubious or inappropriate spending of budget resources.School meals allocated to well-off families instead of poor families.