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The practice whereby some public money is illicitly diverted for private gain is present to some degree in all societies. Developing countries' particular circumstances - rapid economic and social change, strong kinship and ethnic ties, new...

The underground or 'black economy' has been a source for considerable concern to Indian public policy analysts since the mid-1960s. In this article, authors argue that the black economy played a critical role in the softening of the government budget...

This document provides an overview of UNDP's action in the area of anti-corruption, whose main goal is to facilitate civil society and the private sector involvement in policy development and in public sector management so as to improve transparency...

This book outlines the strategy of the World Bank to guide its work with Europe and Central Asia (ECA) clients in education. In the early stages of the transition, it was felt that education could be safely ignored, because the region faced...

This report summarizes the responses of Bangladeshi Class I (highest level) public sector officials to a survey seeking opinions on a number of civil service issues, from personnel management practices to rewards and disciplinary actions, and from...

This is the final report of a governance diagnostic study undertaken by the Partnership for Governance Reform in Indonesia, with the assistance of the World Bank. The study consisted of two parts: the commissioning of 13 research papers on different...

Asked if they like primary school, the children who manage to get there usually say "yes". But their eyes darken as they start to talk about the "daily demand for money for invisible things" in exchange for an education.CIET social audits of Primary...

This article illustrates how corruption is widespread in the education sector in Cambodia. It particularly explores and explains how aid money could become an instrument inducing or facilitating teachers' corrupted and unethical practices.

The war against corruption in the Philippines has taken a fresh turn with the installation of the new government in 2001. Addressing corruption was one of the new administration ' s announced priorities, but a detailed anticorruption strategy and...