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The key to reduced poverty is an integrated approach to development, addressing quality growth, environment, education, health and governance. This paper argues that government, as the key determinant of a county's domestic and international...

At the request of the Royal Government of Cambodia, The World Bank supervised diagnostic surveys of public officials, citizens and enterprises in Cambodia in November and December 1999. The study shows that citizens, enterprises and households are...

The 1999 Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey (BEEPS) assesses in detail the various dimensions of governance from the perspective of about 3000 firms in 20 countries. After introducing the survey framework and measurement approach...

Corruption is seen as counter-productive to the needed economic and political reforms, accountability, transparency and good governance. This paper aims at classifying the various forms of corruption in order to operationalise the concept for...

Integrity has become the fundamental condition for governments to provide a trustworthy and effective framework for the economic and social life of their citizens. The institutions and mechanisms for promoting integrity are more and more considered...

Published by the Ministry of Education and focusing on two corruption cases in universities, this paper examines corruption in the education system in Slovakia. In the first, a student paid 100,000 Slovak crowns for acceptance into a course of study...

Public service is a public trust. Citizens expect public servants to serve the public interest with fairness and to manage public resources properly on a daily basis. Fair and reliable public services inspire public trust and create a favourable...

This report addresses the state of corruption in Nicaragua, its historical roots and recent efforts by government (as well as donors and civil society) to address the issue. Additionally, this analysis briefly offers some suggestions on how donors...

The Chr. Michelsen Institute and the Norwegian Institute of Foreign Affairs in collaboration with the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (NORAD), organised a workshop on corruption research in Oslo, October 2000. The workshop aimed to...

A recent World Bank programme in Campo Elias, Venezuela, used an innovative and effective approach to build participatory institutional frameworks and to apply best practices in public policy making. As a result, corruption has fallen and services...