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the past thirty years have seen a rapid expansion of testing, exposing students worldwide to tests that are now, more than ever, standardized and linked to high-stakes outcomes. The use of testing as a policy tool has been legitimized within...

Through an analysis of data collected from the PETS-QSDS, this report aims to answer the following policy questions: (a) Does MESVTEE efficiently and effectively allocate its public funding to the areas most in need? and (b) What factors potentially...

All societies develop their own norms about what is fair behaviour and what is not. Violations of these norms, including acts of corruption, can collectively be described as forms of `grabbing'. This unique volume addresses how grabbing hinders...

Corruption in higher education has become an important form of corruption in contemporary China. This research is built on the basis of a questionnaire-based investigation into the following three groups: cadres in higher education, students in...

For schools in Karnali region, approximately 83 school-days are lost each year through absences linked to seasonal events. This is nearly 38 per cent lower than the government standard of 220 school-days per year. The main problems highlighted by...

Recent surveys suggest that leakage of funds from ministries of education to schools represent more than 80 per cent of the total sums allocated for non salary expenditures in some countries; bribes and payoffs in teacher recruitment and promotion...