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Improved governance requires an integrated, long-term strategy built upon cooperation between government and citizens. It involves both participation and institutions. The Rule of Law, Accountability, and Transparency are technical and legal issues...

Public Expenditure Tracking Surveys (PETS) are quantitative exercises that trace the flow of resources from origin to destination and determine the location and scale of anomaly. This note by World Bank gives a summary of the steps involved in such a...

This paper summarizes some of the recent initiatives to enhance public accountability in India. These are divided into two categories: initiatives from the government and those that emanated primarily from civil society. Notable among the government...

This publication presents the papers discussed at the Latin American Forum on Ensuring Transparency and Accountability in the Public Sector that took place on 5-6 December 2001. The Forum brought together more than 450 ministers, senators, senior...

The German Federal Government Directive concerning the Prevention of Corruption in the Federal Administration, dated 17 June 1998, is intended to help in the effort of combating corruption. The Directive is intended as a guideline to explain the...

This DFID policy paper investigates the causes and effects of corruption on the development process and proposes a holistic global strategy for combating corruption involving action in a number of area. These include: supporting poorer states...

This report presents the finding of a diagnostic study of corruption in Slovakia prepared at the request of the Government of the Slovak Republic by the World Bank and USAID. For the study, the survey research firm "Focus" was selected in a tender to...

The technical cooperation activities facilitated by the Crime Programme under the framework of the Global Programme against Corruption (GPAC) are supported by a modular approach that draws from a broad set of anti-corruption policies and measures, or...

Popular perceptions of Botswana as a shining example of liberal democracy in Africa are misguided. Its political system favours one party and one president, and that predominant party has been in power since 1966. It is an elitist arrangement that...