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The underground or 'black economy' has been a source for considerable concern to Indian public policy analysts since the mid-1960s. In this article, authors argue that the black economy played a critical role in the softening of the government budget...

In 1995/96, 47.5 percent of the population of Bangladesh were still living below the poverty line. This paper argues that the persistence of poverty in Bangladesh originates less in the lack of resources than in the failures of governance. These...

This volume describes the results of a Regional Conference of Transparency International representatives, held in Bratislava, in April 1999. It is structured into three main parts. Firstly, the Declaration for Municipal Reform, set by the...

Why have civil service reforms in developing countries had limited success? This paper examines civil service reforms (CSR) in developing countries, and explores the reasons for the lack of success of CSR. In addition, it reviews the empirical facts...

The Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS) provides a classic case of corruption in the Philippines. Nearly all forms of corruption described in academic texts can be found in the department: from low-level bureaucratic corruption to high...

This document provides an overview of UNDP's action in the area of anti-corruption, whose main goal is to facilitate civil society and the private sector involvement in policy development and in public sector management so as to improve transparency...

In the late 1980s and early 1990s, some 25 countries began their dramatic transformation into market-based economies by liberalizing prices, dismantling the remaining instruments of Soviet-type central planning, and starting fundamental structural...

La corruption est un sujet à la mode, la récente perception de sa nocivité est une nouveauté qui prend sa source dans la progression récente de la démocratisation et de la libéralisation économique. Cependant, l'affirmation d'une volonté générale de...

La recrudescence que connaît la corruption depuis les années 1980 n'est pas sans rapport avec l'intensification de la mondialisation des échanges qui laissent se développer, aux marges de la prospérité, des zones de flou juridique et économique...

Integrity has become the fundamental condition for governments to provide a trustworthy and effective framework for the economic and social life of their citizens. The institutions and mechanisms for promoting integrity are more and more considered...