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Training and education programmes which deal with the topic of corruption and health can help change the way people approach their jobs as public administrators or development agency workers, and increase transparency and accountability. This U4...

This toolkit follows the transfer of public funds from central to local governments until they reach users such as schools and clinics. It explains how a public expenditure tracking system operates and how it can benefit marginalized groups. With...

High rates of absence of teachers from their posts is a serious obstacle to delivery of education in many developing countries, but hard evidence on the problem has been scarce. This study, carried out as part of a new multi-country survey project in...

For poor people at village level, petty corruption involving a payment of as little as $10 for a free medical service can have devastating effects on their lives. What makes the situation even worse is that most of the people who are faced with...

This article examines some factors that may determine the different outcomes of decentralization and, in particular, factors that are important when reforms manage to improve democratic and governance performance in spite of a hostile or harsh...

In the early 1990s, U.S. Attorney General, Janet Reno, made health care fraud a priority in the U.S. department of Justice. Thereafter in 1997, she broadened the Department's initiative to encompass all areas of fraud prevention. As a result of these...

This report was prepared by the World Bank (Warsaw Office) in response to a request from the Government of Poland to help identify the areas in which the most serious corruption problems are found and those in which measures to reduce corruption are...

Data that can be used to inform policy decisions are typically scarce in low-income countries, where standard policy prescriptions are less likely to apply. But if strategically designed, a survey can help induce policy change by pointing directly to...

Studies of the consequences of corruption have mainly focused on economic efficiency. This paper illustrates that corruption can also have distributional consequences. Corruption increases income inequality and poverty through lower economic growth...