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Afghan education officials have found themselves embroiled in controversy after a record number of students failed in national university entry exams last week. Afghan students accuse the Higher Education Ministry, which determines university placement, of fraud and discrimination, insisting that as many as 60,000 of them failed purely on the basis of their ethnicity and mother language.

Afghans paid $2.5bn (£1.5bn) in bribes over the past 12 months, or the equivalent of almost one quarter of legitimate GDP, a UN report suggests. Surveying 7,600 people, it found nearly 60% more concerned about corruption than insecurity or unemployment. More than half the population had to pay at least one bribe to a public official last year.

Afghanistan must now confront a problem in education: the lack of text books. Millions of new books pledged and paid for by donors have not been delivered due to corruption and bureaucratic snags. According to figures that emerged from the interviews of officials from 34 Afghan provinces, about one third of the textbooks ordered last year never reached their destination. Currently, learners have no other option than to illegally copy books that are available for purchase.

As a result of corruption and bureaucracy, millions of new books promised and paid by donors in 2008 were never delivered. About a third of them are still waiting to be distributed to the provinces and lots of the textbooks ordered were so poorly made that they may not last a second year.

Results for university admission exams are cancelles for more than 6,000 students from Kabul and its region; the answers had been revealed and corruption affected the exam process.