This paper demonstrates that with appropriate survey methods and interview techniques, it is possible to collect quantitative micro-level data on corruption. Public expenditure tracking surveys, service provider surveys, and enterprise surveys are...

This paper summarizes the expanding literature on corruption in the health and education sectors. It begins with a discussion of the nature of corruption in health and education and presents a typology of different kinds of corruption in the provider...

Government intervention to correct market failures is often accompanied by government failures and corruption. This is no more evident than in social sectors that are characterised by significant market failures and government intervention. However...

In the early 1990s, U.S. Attorney General, Janet Reno, made health care fraud a priority in the U.S. department of Justice. Thereafter in 1997, she broadened the Department's initiative to encompass all areas of fraud prevention. As a result of these...

This report was prepared by the World Bank (Warsaw Office) in response to a request from the Government of Poland to help identify the areas in which the most serious corruption problems are found and those in which measures to reduce corruption are...

Data that can be used to inform policy decisions are typically scarce in low-income countries, where standard policy prescriptions are less likely to apply. But if strategically designed, a survey can help induce policy change by pointing directly to...