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This book is the result of an action research project carried out by the Partnership for Governance Reform in Indonesia and the World Bank. It sets out to understand from the poor the ways in which corruption intersects with their lives and how it...

This paper describes and analyses the results of an innovative survey tool to gauge the extent to which public resources actually filter down to the intended end-user. It focuses on one of the key public programs in education in Uganda, a per student...

Using panel data from a unique survey of public primary schools in Uganda, Reinikka and Svensson assess the degree of leakage of public funds in education. The survey data reveal that on average, during the period 1991-95, schools received only 13...

In this chapter, Reinikka demonstrates that increasing public access to information has reduced inefficiency and corruption in Uganda. The survey from which her conclusions are drawn shows that budget allocations matter little when institutions are...

Bribery, through money, gifts, or exchange of favors, is common in the Omsk educational system. A student is obliged to pay 15000 Rubles for the 5th grade, 10000 Rubles for the 4th grade, and 5000 Rubles for the 3rd grade entering exams. A reform of...

Asked if they like primary school, the children who manage to get there usually say "yes". But their eyes darken as they start to talk about the "daily demand for money for invisible things" in exchange for an education.CIET social audits of Primary...