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In Europe and Central Asia, the radical shift in economic and political systems that occurred in most countries after 1990 made existing forms of corruption more visible and opened opportunities for new forms of corrupt practices. Fostering...

Conflicts of interest have become a key issue in public debate world-wide. New forms of conflict between individual private interests of public officials and their public duties arise as the public sector has become increasingly commercialised and...

This DFID policy paper investigates the causes and effects of corruption on the development process and proposes a holistic global strategy for combating corruption involving action in a number of area. These include: supporting poorer states...

Corruption is generally viewed as a scourge of post-communist economies and polities. A vast literature has not surprisingly appeared on the causes and nature of corruption in the countries of Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States...

This report was prepared by the World Bank (Warsaw Office) in response to a request from the Government of Poland to help identify the areas in which the most serious corruption problems are found and those in which measures to reduce corruption are...

This paper comparatively analyses legislative ethics, focusing on: the role of the legislature in combating corruption, the need for effective ethics regime; codes of conduct; ethics rules and financial disclosure requirements; enforcement and...