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Public examinations in developing countries play a critical role in the selection of students for participation in the educational system. The exams dictate what is taught, how it is taught, and what is and is not learned. They are academic, have...

This booklet introduces the reader to the tools of functional analysis - management audit - applicable to the organisational specificies of national education ministries. The audit is a critical analysis, aimed at identifying what works, and what...

The practice whereby some public money is illicitly diverted for private gain is present to some degree in all societies. Developing countries' particular circumstances - rapid economic and social change, strong kinship and ethnic ties, new...

This paper sets out a framework within which the problem of corruption may be analysed in any specific country. Firstly, it considers the investigation of the determinants of corruption, emphasising the environment in which corruption evolves - and...

While corruption is an ancient problem, it has had variegated incidence at different times in different places, with varying degrees to damaging consequences. While the tenacity with which it tends to persist in some cases easily leads to despair and...

Corruption, particularly political or "grand corruption", distorts the entire decision-making process connected with public investment projects. The degree of distorsions is higher with weaker auditing institutions. The evidence presented shows that...

In this chapter, Greaney and Kellaghan examine the extent to which procedures to standardise the conditions under which examinations are prepared, administered and scored are observed or violated. They show that the range of individuals involved in...

Current initiatives in accounting education, while focusing on the importance of accounting instruction and teaching students how to learn, emphasise continuous lifelong learning and outcome-based assessment. The public interest in forensic...

Government should promote sustainable human development in ways that reduce disparities in income, well-being, education and opportunity among all people today - while keeping the best interests of future generations in minds. This UNDP discussion...

The underground or 'black economy' has been a source for considerable concern to Indian public policy analysts since the mid-1960s. In this article, authors argue that the black economy played a critical role in the softening of the government budget...