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This article examines some factors that may determine the different outcomes of decentralization and, in particular, factors that are important when reforms manage to improve democratic and governance performance in spite of a hostile or harsh...

This Anti-corruption Toolkit is based on lessons learned from the technical cooperation activities facilitated by the Global Programme against Corruption of the United Nations Office in Drugs and Crime.The toolkit provides an inventory of the...

Bribery, through money, gifts, or exchange of favors, is common in the Omsk educational system. A student is obliged to pay 15000 Rubles for the 5th grade, 10000 Rubles for the 4th grade, and 5000 Rubles for the 3rd grade entering exams. A reform of...

Asked if they like primary school, the children who manage to get there usually say "yes". But their eyes darken as they start to talk about the "daily demand for money for invisible things" in exchange for an education.CIET social audits of Primary...

This paper explores the effect of donor-supported civic education programs on levels of citizen trust in institutions in the Dominican Republic. Using attitudinal surveys of control and treatment groups the paper demonstrates that civic education had...

Corruption ranks, together with effective democratic representation, as the most important problem facing local governments. The challenge facing local governments is to develop innovative ways of building effective, accountable, and transparent...

Not so long ago, bribing public officials in foreign countries to obtain business deals was, if not an acceptable, at least a tolerated business practice in many OECD countries. In the new millenium, the OECD and associated governments, which account...

Since 1989, the OECD has played a leading role in the battle against international bribery and corruption. The fight gathered momentum in 1999 with the entry into force of the Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in...

This report puts into motion a chain of events that fundamentally reformed the way the Bank thinks about, and acts against, corruption. In its first part, it thus details the progress that the Bank has made building each of the four pillars of its...

Why is corruption - defined here as the misuse of public office for private gain - perceived to be more widespread in some countries than others? Different theories associate cross-national variation in the extent of corruption with particular...