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Public examinations in developing countries play a critical role in the selection of students for participation in the educational system. The exams dictate what is taught, how it is taught, and what is and is not learned. They are academic, have...

Studies of the consequences of corruption have mainly focused on economic efficiency. This paper illustrates that corruption can also have distributional consequences. Corruption increases income inequality and poverty through lower economic growth...

In 1995/96, 47.5 percent of the population of Bangladesh were still living below the poverty line. This paper argues that the persistence of poverty in Bangladesh originates less in the lack of resources than in the failures of governance. These...

Private supplementary tutoring has long been a major phenomenon in some parts of East Asia, particularly Japan, the Republic of Korea and Taiwan. In recent decades it has grown significantly in both industrialized and less developed societies. This...

Este libro se organiza en siete secciones que abordan el análisis del capital social y su relación con el desarrollo, las políticas públicas, la pobreza urbana, la dimensión de género, el mundo rural y la sostenibilidad ambiental. Entre los...

This paper examines financial aspects of accountability for the use of public funds, that is, fiscal accountability. It explains the growing demand for fiscal accountability, answers the who, for what, to whom and how questions, describes the move...

The secondary schools bursary scheme was introduced by the Government in the 1993/1994 financial year to enhance access, ensure retention, and reduce disparities and inequalities in the provision of secondary school education. In particular, the...

At least thirty percent of Ukrainians enter colleges by paying bribes while many others use their connections with the faculty and administration. Corruption increases inequalities in access to higher education, prevents future economic growth in the...

Este estudo examina o controle social na educação básica pública e analisa a atuação do Estado brasileiro para exercê-lo sobre a população e os instrumentos dessa mesma populaç¦o para controlar esse Estado, em uma sociedade de classes marcada pelas...

Increasing costs of running educational institutions and funding educational programs, coupled with decreasing government subsidies to support such costs, have made privatisation and marketisation of higher education a common phenomenon throughout...