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Recent studies have shown that one of the most important and effective ways to ensure that public servants act ethically is through education. Although education alone does not guarantee ethical behaviour, it eliminates some of the more obvious...

In this chapter, Greaney and Kellaghan examine the extent to which procedures to standardise the conditions under which examinations are prepared, administered and scored are observed or violated. They show that the range of individuals involved in...

Government should promote sustainable human development in ways that reduce disparities in income, well-being, education and opportunity among all people today - while keeping the best interests of future generations in minds. This UNDP discussion...

This book offers the view of eminent thinkers and practitioners on how to reduce and eventually eliminate corruption. It shows that, while helpful, democracy is by no means a cure for corruption, nor is economic liberalisation a panacea for ending...

Building strong institutions is a central challenge of development and is key to controlling corruption. Among public institutions, the Supreme Audit Institutions (SAIs) play a critical role, as they help promote sound financial management and thus...

This volume describes the results of a Regional Conference of Transparency International representatives, held in Bratislava, in April 1999. It is structured into three main parts. Firstly, the Declaration for Municipal Reform, set by the...

Many developing countries, and indeed a significant number of developed countries, need a practical strategy to launch future education and prevention programmes against corruption and economic crime. This article offers constructive advice on how to...

This paper outlines the basis and set of tool required to advance anti-corruption reform. Economic and social progress, the rule of law under good governance, democratic values, and strong civil society are discussed as some of the basic...

This report addresses the state of corruption in Nicaragua, its historical roots and recent efforts by government (as well as donors and civil society) to address the issue. Additionally, this analysis briefly offers some suggestions on how donors...

Integrity has become the fundamental condition for governments to provide a trustworthy and effective framework for the economic and social life of their citizens. The institutions and mechanisms for promoting integrity are more and more considered...