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This cross-national study assesses the character and frequency of private informal payments made by families on behalf of their children attending primary and secondary schools in Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Moldova, Slovakia, and...

Anti-corruption hotlines provide a key channel for governments to receive complaints from individuals who have come into contact with or been victims of corruption. Increasingly, hotlines are being valued as a channel for citizen redress and as a...

Corruption is a cause of poverty in developing countries, and a constraint to successful poverty reduction. Working on this premise, this paper explores whether, and if so how, the link between poverty reduction and the fight against corruption is...

This book outlines the strategy of the World Bank to guide its work with Europe and Central Asia (ECA) clients in education. In the early stages of the transition, it was felt that education could be safely ignored, because the region faced...

This paper looks at academic fraud in higher education and the means by which it can be addressed for quality assurance. It starts by examining academic fraud today, focusing on the new forms of academic fraud in accreditation and certification...

Creation of a State Student Admission Commission has enabled further transparency of the examination process. It based its work on a complete automatization and computerization of the selection of personnel for organising examinations, the grouping...

This book presents the findings arising out of the exploration and analysis of educational stakeholders' perspectives regarding the private tutoring phenomenon, and places its central focus on a comparison of these findings across research settings...

This is the draft final report of the comparative analysis of National Testing Centres in Azerbaijan, Georgia, Ukraine, Kyrgyzstan, with the recommendations for Tajikistan. The analysis was prepared with the participation of four country experts who...