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Shadow education in Africa: private supplementary tutoring and its policy implications

This study focuses on the so-called shadow education system of private supplementary tutoring. The phenomenon is called shadow education because to a large extent its content mimics that in schooling: as the curriculum changes in the schools, so it...

Bray, Mark

Hong Kong, Comparative Education Research Centre (CERC), 2021

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Shadow education in Africa: private supplementary tutoring and its policy implications