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The practice whereby some public money is illicitly diverted for private gain is present to some degree in all societies. Developing countries' particular circumstances - rapid economic and social change, strong kinship and ethnic ties, new...

OECD countries are concerned about declining confidence in government. This report examines how nine OECD countries namely: Australia, Finland, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom and the United States, are...

This case introduces students to a common type of employee fraud and illustrates how the professional guidance applies in that situation. The case can be used to integrate coverage on the following audit topics: the auditor's consideration of the...

This volume describes the results of a Regional Conference of Transparency International representatives, held in Bratislava, in April 1999. It is structured into three main parts. Firstly, the Declaration for Municipal Reform, set by the...

This paper comparatively analyses legislative ethics, focusing on: the role of the legislature in combating corruption, the need for effective ethics regime; codes of conduct; ethics rules and financial disclosure requirements; enforcement and...

This handbook presents a framework to assist USAID missions develop strategic responses to public corruption. The framework sets out root causes of corruption, identifies a range of institutional and societal reforms to address them, and introduces a...

The movement toward decentralization is gathering momentum. In this context, the important costs of corruption are being explicitly recognised, as is the urgent need to prevent corruption, raise city revenues, improve service delivery, stimulate...

This report addresses the state of corruption in Nicaragua, its historical roots and recent efforts by government (as well as donors and civil society) to address the issue. Additionally, this analysis briefly offers some suggestions on how donors...

In the early 1990s, U.S. Attorney General, Janet Reno, made health care fraud a priority in the U.S. department of Justice. Thereafter in 1997, she broadened the Department's initiative to encompass all areas of fraud prevention. As a result of these...

A recent World Bank programme in Campo Elias, Venezuela, used an innovative and effective approach to build participatory institutional frameworks and to apply best practices in public policy making. As a result, corruption has fallen and services...