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The practice whereby some public money is illicitly diverted for private gain is present to some degree in all societies. Developing countries' particular circumstances - rapid economic and social change, strong kinship and ethnic ties, new...

This project consists of the first systematic opinion survey of local-level corruption led in Bangladesh, which identified the nature and extent of public concern in seven sectors, including law enforcement, the justice system, education, land...

In 1995/96, 47.5 percent of the population of Bangladesh were still living below the poverty line. This paper argues that the persistence of poverty in Bangladesh originates less in the lack of resources than in the failures of governance. These...

A successful anti-corruption strategy must have a free press to voice public opinion and report cases of corruption, an effective and politically neutral mechanism to investigate and prosecute corruption, and a reliable judicial process to punish...

Why have civil service reforms in developing countries had limited success? This paper examines civil service reforms (CSR) in developing countries, and explores the reasons for the lack of success of CSR. In addition, it reviews the empirical facts...

This paper comparatively analyses legislative ethics, focusing on: the role of the legislature in combating corruption, the need for effective ethics regime; codes of conduct; ethics rules and financial disclosure requirements; enforcement and...

The author reviews the overwhelming statistical evidence that countries with high levels of corruption experience poor economic performance. Corruption hinders economic development by reducing domestic investment, discouraging foreign direct...

In the late 1980s and early 1990s, some 25 countries began their dramatic transformation into market-based economies by liberalizing prices, dismantling the remaining instruments of Soviet-type central planning, and starting fundamental structural...

Integrity has become the fundamental condition for governments to provide a trustworthy and effective framework for the economic and social life of their citizens. The institutions and mechanisms for promoting integrity are more and more considered...

At the request of the Royal Government of Cambodia, The World Bank supervised diagnostic surveys of public officials, citizens and enterprises in Cambodia in November and December 1999. The study shows that citizens, enterprises and households are...