The Swedish organization in charge of reviewing research has judged that scandal-hit surgeon was guilty of scientific misconduct for misleadingly describing synthetic trachea operations as successful in a series of research articles. In 2014, four doctors at Stockholm's Karolinska University Hospital reported him to the then president of the Karolinska Institute (KI) for allegedly distorting the facts about his operations with artificial tracheas when presenting them in scientific journals. The articles were subsequently reviewed in 2015 by Uppsala University surgical sciences professor, who concluded that Macchiarini was guilty of research misconduct, but KI's overall assessment was to clear him and the co-authors.

A growing number of students are being suspended from Swedish universities because they have been caught cheating.In its review of 33 universities in Sweden, TT newswire found 733 students had been suspended due to cheating in 2016. A recurring question, which is difficult to answer, is whether a high number of suspensions is due to extensive cheating, or the result of a persistent hunt for cheaters. According to the same logic, it is difficult to know if few suspensions means a university has few cheaters, or if it is simply bad at catching them.

The Swedish labor minister listed on his resume on the government's website an M.B.A. taken at Fairfax University, which several US states listed as a so-called "degree mill". The Minister said he earned the degree through distance learning while he worked in the United States, but the Swedish National Agency for Higher Education rejected it as an illegitimate credential. "We would not rate a degree taken there," said the head of the Swedish department for evaluation of foreign qualifications.