The video explains how Public Expenditure Tracking Surveys (PETS) are conducted and highlights a few challenges in their implementation. A PETS aims to track the use of public money, from its disbursement to its utilization. The video takes the example of the public education budget to illustrate PETS.

Social accountability is described as the constructive engagement between citizens and the government's utilization of public resources to improve service delivery, promote rights, and enhance community welfare. In that way, constructive engagement could be citizen monitoring, which aims to track government actions.