Questions and answers for the annual university entrance exams Concours have been sold in exchange for $10,000-20,000 to secure placement at top universities. Telegram’s social media channel published the test questions half an hour after the exam started, as evidence of their leakage. But according to the head of the Ministry of Higher Education's assessment organisation, 480 participants who had tried to use digital equipment to receive answers to the test questions from outside have been arrested.

Given that scientists are judged in large part by the number of peer-reviewed papers they produce, it’s easy to understand the temptation to engage in salami publication. It’s officially discouraged, but it’s still very common to see researchers writing perhaps 3 or 4 papers based on a single project that could, realistically, have been one big paper. In an extreme case of salami slicing, the journal Archives of Iranian Medicine published a set of 33 papers about one study.