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Improved governance requires an integrated, long-term strategy built upon cooperation between government and citizens. It involves both participation and institutions. The Rule of Law, Accountability, and Transparency are technical and legal issues...

Public Expenditure Tracking Surveys (PETS) are quantitative exercises that trace the flow of resources from origin to destination and determine the location and scale of anomaly. This note by World Bank gives a summary of the steps involved in such a...

This publication presents the papers discussed at the Latin American Forum on Ensuring Transparency and Accountability in the Public Sector that took place on 5-6 December 2001. The Forum brought together more than 450 ministers, senators, senior...

The German Federal Government Directive concerning the Prevention of Corruption in the Federal Administration, dated 17 June 1998, is intended to help in the effort of combating corruption. The Directive is intended as a guideline to explain the...

This DFID policy paper investigates the causes and effects of corruption on the development process and proposes a holistic global strategy for combating corruption involving action in a number of area. These include: supporting poorer states...

The technical cooperation activities facilitated by the Crime Programme under the framework of the Global Programme against Corruption (GPAC) are supported by a modular approach that draws from a broad set of anti-corruption policies and measures, or...

Popular perceptions of Botswana as a shining example of liberal democracy in Africa are misguided. Its political system favours one party and one president, and that predominant party has been in power since 1966. It is an elitist arrangement that...

Market reforms have had a mixed record at promoting growth, increasing productivity and alleviating poverty in developing countries across the world: from considerable success in some parts of East Asia, Latin America and Central Europe to...

The theme of the 2002 CGI mid-year review was "progress on reducing poverty". The agenda was an array of issues that require attention in order to reduce poverty substantially in Indonesia. At the CGI November 2001, a summary document recorded an...

Public sector corruption, commonly understood as the misuse of public office for private gain, exists throughout the world and is widespread in many places. Corruption has been shown to be very costly to economic growth and inhibits the development...