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This report presents the main findings of Latvia's diagnostic corruption surveys. As this report is based on survey evidence, it focuses primarily on lower level of corruption in the public sector. The survey evidence suggests that corruption in...

This report centers on a multi-disciplinary World Bank mission to Ethiopia in 1997, at the request of the Government of Ethiopia, to examine ways to support the Government's program to improve economic governance and to combat corruption. The mission...

In 1995/96, 47.5 percent of the population of Bangladesh were still living below the poverty line. This paper argues that the persistence of poverty in Bangladesh originates less in the lack of resources than in the failures of governance. These...

Corruption is problematic when policies encourage it and institutional controls are weak. Diagnosing corruption, and understanding its causes and consequences, allows countries to overcome their policy and institutional weaknesses and implement...

This paper outlines the Bank's position on anticorruption issues and recommends a number of concrete measures for establishing the Bank's anticorruption policy, whose main objective is to reduce the burden that widespread, systemic corruption exacts...

Studies of the consequences of corruption have mainly focused on economic efficiency. This paper illustrates that corruption can also have distributional consequences. Corruption increases income inequality and poverty through lower economic growth...

In 1998, the World Bank undertook a mission to Malawi, at the request of its President, to examine ways to support its Government's program to improve economic governance and to reduce corruption. The mission's objectives were to assess the scope and...

It is widely accepted that one of the most critical elements of a country's anti-corruption programe is the involvement of civil society but there is less agreement on how such involvement can be encouraged. Social marketing can make an important...

Corruption in customs administration is a major problem in many African countries. Data from the period 1990-96 are used to examine several hypotheses concerning the determinants of customs fraud in Senegal and Mali. Statistical tests using product...

This case introduces students to a common type of employee fraud and illustrates how the professional guidance applies in that situation. The case can be used to integrate coverage on the following audit topics: the auditor's consideration of the...