Public examinations in developing countries play a critical role in the selection of students for participation in the educational system. The exams dictate what is taught, how it is taught, and what is and is not learned. They are academic, have...

This booklet introduces the reader to the tools of functional analysis - management audit - applicable to the organisational specificies of national education ministries. The audit is a critical analysis, aimed at identifying what works, and what...

Private tutoring is an important phenomenon that has arisen in a wide variety of countries and can have significant educational, social, and economic ramifications. However, due to the fact that it is a service provided outside the planning and...

In this chapter, Reinikka demonstrates that increasing public access to information has reduced inefficiency and corruption in Uganda. The survey from which her conclusions are drawn shows that budget allocations matter little when institutions are...

In 1995/96, 47.5 percent of the population of Bangladesh were still living below the poverty line. This paper argues that the persistence of poverty in Bangladesh originates less in the lack of resources than in the failures of governance. These...

Several authors claim to provide evidence that government corruption is less severe in small rather than large countries. Knack and Azfar demonstrate in this book that this relationship is an artifact of sample selection. Most corruption indicators...

This book offers the view of eminent thinkers and practitioners on how to reduce and eventually eliminate corruption. It shows that, while helpful, democracy is by no means a cure for corruption, nor is economic liberalisation a panacea for ending...

Dishonesty and chicanery are nothing new to education. What is new, perhaps, are the ways in which these imperfections permeate education credentialing and how they have flourished with the invention of new technologies and changes in consumer...

The practice whereby some public money is illicitly diverted for private gain is present to some degree in all societies. Developing countries' particular circumstances - rapid economic and social change, strong kinship and ethnic ties, new...

This paper sets out a framework within which the problem of corruption may be analysed in any specific country. Firstly, it considers the investigation of the determinants of corruption, emphasising the environment in which corruption evolves - and...